Operation method of UE associated with sci in wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

One embodiment is an operation method of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting a 1st stage sidelink control information (SCI) on a PSCCH; and transmitting a 2nd stage SCI on a PSSCH, wherein a first scrambling sequence associated with the 1st stage SCI is generated on the basis of a fixed value, and a second scrambling sequence associated with the 2nd stage SCI is generated on the basis of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)-related value.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/737,484, filed on May 5, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,533,745, which isa continuation of International Application No. PCT/KR2020/015375, filedon Nov. 5, 2020, which claims the benefit of Korean Application No.10-2020-0017983, filed on Feb. 13, 2020, Korean Application No.10-2020-0008143, filed on Jan. 21, 2020, and U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/931,091, filed on Nov. 5, 2019. The disclosures ofthe prior applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein intheir entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following description relates to a wireless communication system,and more particularly to an operation method and apparatus of a sidelinkcontrol information (SCI) scrambling sequence related user equipment(UE).

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems are being widely deployed to providevarious types of communication services such as voice and data. Ingeneral, a wireless communication system is a multiple access systemcapable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharingavailable system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.).Examples of the multiple access system include a code division multipleaccess (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA)system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonalfrequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrierfrequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system, and a multi carrierfrequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) system.

A wireless communication system uses various radio access technologies(RATs) such as long term evolution (LTE), LTE-advanced (LTE-A), andwireless fidelity (WiFi). 5th generation (5G) is such a wirelesscommunication system. Three key requirement areas of 5G include (1)enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) massive machine type communication(mMTC), and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).Some use cases may require multiple dimensions for optimization, whileothers may focus only on one key performance indicator (KPI). 5Gsupports such diverse use cases in a flexible and reliable way.

eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access and covers richinteractive work, media and entertainment applications in the cloud oraugmented reality (AR). Data is one of the key drivers for 5G and in the5G era, we may for the first time see no dedicated voice service. In 5G,voice is expected to be handled as an application program, simply usingdata connectivity provided by a communication system. The main driversfor an increased traffic volume are the increase in the size of contentand the number of applications requiring high data rates. Streamingservices (audio and video), interactive video, and mobile Internetconnectivity will continue to be used more broadly as more devicesconnect to the Internet. Many of these applications require always-onconnectivity to push real time information and notifications to users.Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing for mobilecommunication platforms. This is applicable for both work andentertainment. Cloud storage is one particular use case driving thegrowth of uplink data rates. 5G will also be used for remote work in thecloud which, when done with tactile interfaces, requires much lowerend-to-end latencies in order to maintain a good user experience.Entertainment, for example, cloud gaming and video streaming, is anotherkey driver for the increasing need for mobile broadband capacity.Entertainment will be very essential on smart phones and tabletseverywhere, including high mobility environments such as trains, carsand airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality (AR) forentertainment and information search, which requires very low latenciesand significant instant data volumes.

One of the most expected 5G use cases is the functionality of activelyconnecting embedded sensors in every field, that is, mMTC. It isexpected that there will be 20.4 billion potential Internet of things(IoT) devices by 2020. In industrial IoT, 5G is one of areas that playkey roles in enabling smart city, asset tracking, smart utility,agriculture, and security infrastructure.

URLLC includes services which will transform industries withultra-reliable/available, low latency links such as remote control ofcritical infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. The level ofreliability and latency are vital to smart-grid control, industrialautomation, robotics, drone control and coordination, and so on.

Now, multiple use cases will be described in detail.

5G may complement fiber-to-the home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (ordata-over-cable service interface specifications (DOCSIS)) as a means ofproviding streams at data rates of hundreds of megabits per second togiga bits per second. Such a high speed is required for TV broadcasts ator above a resolution of 4K (6K, 8K, and higher) as well as virtualreality (VR) and AR. VR and AR applications mostly include immersivesport games. A special network configuration may be required for aspecific application program. For VR games, for example, game companiesmay have to integrate a core server with an edge network server of anetwork operator in order to minimize latency.

The automotive sector is expected to be a very important new driver for5G, with many use cases for mobile communications for vehicles. Forexample, entertainment for passengers requires simultaneous highcapacity and high mobility mobile broadband, because future users willexpect to continue their good quality connection independent of theirlocation and speed. Other use cases for the automotive sector are ARdashboards. These display overlay information on top of what a driver isseeing through the front window, identifying objects in the dark andtelling the driver about the distances and movements of the objects. Inthe future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehiclesthemselves, information exchange between vehicles and supportinginfrastructure and between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g.,those carried by pedestrians). Safety systems may guide drivers onalternative courses of action to allow them to drive more safely andlower the risks of accidents. The next stage will be remote-controlledor self-driving vehicles. These require very reliable, very fastcommunication between different self-driving vehicles and betweenvehicles and infrastructure. In the future, self-driving vehicles willexecute all driving activities, while drivers are focusing on trafficabnormality elusive to the vehicles themselves. The technicalrequirements for self-driving vehicles call for ultra-low latencies andultra-high reliability, increasing traffic safety to levels humanscannot achieve.

Smart cities and smart homes, often referred to as smart society, willbe embedded with dense wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks ofintelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost- andenergy-efficient maintenance of the city or home. A similar setup can bedone for each home, where temperature sensors, window and heatingcontrollers, burglar alarms, and home appliances are all connectedwirelessly. Many of these sensors are typically characterized by lowdata rate, low power, and low cost, but for example, real time highdefinition (HD) video may be required in some types of devices forsurveillance.

The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, isbecoming highly decentralized, creating the need for automated controlof a very distributed sensor network. A smart grid interconnects suchsensors, using digital information and communications technology togather and act on information. This information may include informationabout the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, allowing the smart gridto improve the efficiency, reliability, economics and sustainability ofthe production and distribution of fuels such as electricity in anautomated fashion. A smart grid may be seen as another sensor networkwith low delays.

The health sector has many applications that may benefit from mobilecommunications. Communications systems enable telemedicine, whichprovides clinical health care at a distance. It helps eliminate distancebarriers and may improve access to medical services that would often notbe consistently available in distant rural communities. It is also usedto save lives in critical care and emergency situations. Wireless sensornetworks based on mobile communication may provide remote monitoring andsensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly importantfor industrial applications. Wires are expensive to install andmaintain, and the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurablewireless links is a tempting opportunity for many industries. However,achieving this requires that the wireless connection works with asimilar delay, reliability and capacity as cables and that itsmanagement is simplified. Low delays and very low error probabilitiesare new requirements that need to be addressed with 5G

Finally, logistics and freight tracking are important use cases formobile communications that enable the tracking of inventory and packageswherever they are by using location-based information systems. Thelogistics and freight tracking use cases typically require lower datarates but need wide coverage and reliable location information.

A wireless communication system is a multiple access system thatsupports communication of multiple users by sharing available systemresources (a bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multipleaccess systems include a CDMA system, an FDMA system, a TDMA system, anOFDMA system, an SC-FDMA system, and an MC-FDMA system.

Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication scheme in which a direct link isestablished between user equipments (UEs) and the UEs directly exchangevoice or data without intervention of a base station (BS). SL isconsidered as a solution of relieving the BS of the constraint ofrapidly growing data traffic.

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a communication technology in which avehicle exchanges information with another vehicle, a pedestrian, andinfrastructure by wired/wireless communication. V2X may be categorizedinto four types: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). V2Xcommunication may be provided via a PC5 interface and/or a Uu interface.

As more and more communication devices demand larger communicationcapacities, there is a need for enhanced mobile broadband communicationrelative to existing RATs. Accordingly, a communication system is underdiscussion, for which services or UEs sensitive to reliability andlatency are considered. The next-generation RAT in which eMBB, MTC, andURLLC are considered is referred to as new RAT or NR. In NR, V2Xcommunication may also be supported.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating V2X communication based on pre-NR RATand V2X communication based on NR in comparison.

For V2X communication, a technique of providing safety service based onV2X messages such as basic safety message (BSM), cooperative awarenessmessage (CAM), and decentralized environmental notification message(DENM) was mainly discussed in the pre-NR RAT. The V2X message mayinclude location information, dynamic information, and attributeinformation. For example, a UE may transmit a CAM of a periodic messagetype and/or a DENM of an event-triggered type to another UE.

For example, the CAM may include basic vehicle information includingdynamic state information such as a direction and a speed, vehiclestatic data such as dimensions, an external lighting state, pathdetails, and so on. For example, the UE may broadcast the CAM which mayhave a latency less than 100 ms. For example, when an unexpectedincident occurs, such as breakage or an accident of a vehicle, the UEmay generate the DENM and transmit the DENM to another UE. For example,all vehicles within the transmission range of the UE may receive the CAMand/or the DENM. In this case, the DENM may have priority over the CAM.

In relation to V2X communication, various V2X scenarios are presented inNR. For example, the V2X scenarios include vehicle platooning, advanceddriving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

For example, vehicles may be dynamically grouped and travel togetherbased on vehicle platooning. For example, to perform platoon operationsbased on vehicle platooning, the vehicles of the group may receiveperiodic data from a leading vehicle. For example, the vehicles of thegroup may widen or narrow their gaps based on the periodic data.

For example, a vehicle may be semi-automated or full-automated based onadvanced driving. For example, each vehicle may adjust a trajectory ormaneuvering based on data obtained from a nearby vehicle and/or a nearbylogical entity. For example, each vehicle may also share a dividingintention with nearby vehicles.

Based on extended sensors, for example, raw or processed data obtainedthrough local sensor or live video data may be exchanged betweenvehicles, logical entities, terminals of pedestrians and/or V2Xapplication servers. Accordingly, a vehicle may perceive an advancedenvironment relative to an environment perceivable by its sensor.

Based on remote driving, for example, a remote driver or a V2Xapplication may operate or control a remote vehicle on behalf of aperson incapable of driving or in a dangerous environment. For example,when a path may be predicted as in public transportation, cloudcomputing-based driving may be used in operating or controlling theremote vehicle. For example, access to a cloud-based back-end serviceplatform may also be used for remote driving.

A scheme of specifying service requirements for various V2X scenariosincluding vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, andremote driving is under discussion in NR-based V2X communication.

SUMMARY

An objective of embodiment(s) is to provide scrambling sequencegeneration of 1^(st) sidelink control information (SCI) and 2^(nd) SCI.

According to an embodiment, an operation method of a user equipment (UE)in a wireless communication system may include transmitting a 1^(st)stage sidelink control information (SCI) on a PSCCH, and transmitting a2^(nd) stage SCI on a PSSCH, wherein a first scrambling sequence relatedto the 1^(st) stage SCI is generated based on a fixed value, and asecond scrambling sequence related to the 2^(nd) stage SCI is generatedbased on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) related value.

According to an embodiment, a user equipment (UE) in a wirelesscommunication system includes at least one processor, and at least onecomputer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor andconfigured to store instructions that when executed causes the at leastone processor to perform operations, the operations includingtransmitting a 1^(st) stage sidelink control information (SCI) on aPSCCH, and transmitting a 2^(nd) stage SCI on a PSSCH, wherein a firstscrambling sequence related to the 1^(st) stage SCI is generated basedon a fixed value, and a second scrambling sequence related to the 2^(nd)stage SCI is generated based on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) relatedvalue.

An embodiment provides a processor for performing operations for a userequipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the operationsincluding transmitting a 1^(st) stage sidelink control information (SCI)on a PSCCH, and transmitting a 2^(nd) stage SCI on a PSSCH, wherein afirst scrambling sequence related to the 1^(st) stage SCI is generatedbased on a fixed value, and a second scrambling sequence related to the2^(nd) stage SCI is generated based on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)related value.

An embodiment provides a computer readable storage medium storing atleast one computer program that includes instructions that, whenexecuted by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor toperform operations for a user equipment, the operations includingtransmitting a 1^(st) stage sidelink control information (SCI) on aPSCCH, and transmitting a 2^(nd) stage SCI on a PSSCH, wherein a firstscrambling sequence related to the 1^(st) stage SCI is generated basedon a fixed value, and a second scrambling sequence related to the 2^(nd)stage SCI is generated based on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) relatedvalue.

The CRC related value may be derived from CRC on a PSCCH.

The fixed value may be related to initialization of the first scramblingsequence.

CRC on the PSCCH may be related to initialization of the secondscrambling sequence.

The UE may communicate with at least one of another UE, a UE related toautonomous driving vehicle, a base station (BS), or a network.

According to an embodiment, an initial value of a scrambling sequencemay be determined in consideration of the characteristics/target of userequipments (UEs) that receive different types of sidelink controlinformation (SCI). Randomization of 2^(nd) SCI may be effectivelyperformed by determining an initial value of a scrambling sequence inconsideration of the characteristics/target of user equipments (UEs)that receive different types of SCI.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are provided to provide an understanding ofthe present disclosure, and are intended to illustrate variousembodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the descriptionof the specification, explain the principles of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating V2X communication based on pre-NR RATand V2X communication based on NR in comparison.

FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of an LTE system according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate radio protocol architectures for a user planeand a control plane according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates the structure of an NR system according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates functional split between the NG-RAN and the 5GCaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a radio frame structure in NR, to which embodiment(s)of the present disclosure is applicable.

FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure in an NR frame according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a radio protocol architecture for SLcommunication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a radio protocol architecture for SLcommunication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate a procedure of performing V2X or SLcommunication according to a transmission mode in a UE according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 11A to 12C are diagrams for explaining embodiment(s).

FIGS. 13 to 19 are diagrams for explaining various devices to whichembodiment(s) are applicable.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “/” and “,” should beinterpreted as “and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”.Further, “A, B” may mean “A and/or B”. Further, “A/B/C” may mean “atleast one of A, B and/or C”. Further, “A, B, C” may mean “at least oneof A, B and/or C”.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “or” should beinterpreted as “and/or”. For example, “A or B” may include “only A”,“only B”, and/or “both A and B”. In other words, “or” should beinterpreted as “additionally or alternatively”.

Techniques described herein may be used in various wireless accesssystems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency divisionmultiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonalfrequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier-frequencydivision multiple access (SC-FDMA), and so on. CDMA may be implementedas a radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA)or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such asglobal system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet radioservice (GPRS)/Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA maybe implemented as a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved-UTRA (E-UTRA), or the like. IEEE802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, offering backward compatibilitywith an IRRR 802.16e-based system. UTRA is a part of universal mobiletelecommunications system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project(3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of evolved UNITS (E-UMTS)using evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA for downlink (DL)and SC-FDMA for uplink (UL). LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of3GPP LTE.

A successor to LTE-A, 5^(th) generation (5G) new radio access technology(NR) is a new clean-state mobile communication system characterized byhigh performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR may use allavailable spectral resources including a low frequency band below 1 GHz,an intermediate frequency band between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and a highfrequency (millimeter) band of 24 GHz or above.

While the following description is given mainly in the context of LTE-Aor 5G NR for the clarity of description, the technical idea of anembodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of an LTE system according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. This may also be called an evolvedUNITS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) or LTE/LTE-A system.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the E-UTRAN includes evolved Node Bs (eNBs) 20which provide a control plane and a user plane to UEs 10. A UE 10 may befixed or mobile, and may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS),user terminal (UT), subscriber station (SS), mobile terminal (MT), orwireless device. An eNB 20 is a fixed station communication with the UE10 and may also be referred to as a base station (BS), a basetransceiver system (BTS), or an access point.

eNBs 20 may be connected to each other via an X2 interface. An eNB 20 isconnected to an evolved packet core (EPC) 39 via an S1 interface. Morespecifically, the eNB 20 is connected to a mobility management entity(MME) via an S1-MME interface and to a serving gateway (S-GW) via anS1-U interface.

The EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a packet data network-gateway(P-GW). The MME has access information or capability information aboutUEs, which are mainly used for mobility management of the UEs. The S-GWis a gateway having the E-UTRAN as an end point, and the P-GW is agateway having a packet data network (PDN) as an end point.

Based on the lowest three layers of the open system interconnection(OSI) reference model known in communication systems, the radio protocolstack between a UE and a network may be divided into Layer 1 (L1), Layer2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3). These layers are defined in pairs between a UEand an Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), for data transmission via the Uuinterface. The physical (PHY) layer at L1 provides an informationtransfer service on physical channels. The radio resource control (RRC)layer at L3 functions to control radio resources between the UE and thenetwork. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages betweenthe UE and an eNB.

FIG. 3A illustrates a user-plane radio protocol architecture accordingto an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 3B illustrates a control-plane radio protocol architectureaccording to an embodiment of the disclosure. A user plane is a protocolstack for user data transmission, and a control plane is a protocolstack for control signal transmission.

Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the PHY layer provides an informationtransfer service to its higher layer on physical channels. The PHY layeris connected to the medium access control (MAC) layer through transportchannels and data is transferred between the MAC layer and the PHY layeron the transport channels. The transport channels are divided accordingto features with which data is transmitted via a radio interface.

Data is transmitted on physical channels between different PHY layers,that is, the PHY layers of a transmitter and a receiver. The physicalchannels may be modulated in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and use time and frequencies as radio resources.

The MAC layer provides services to a higher layer, radio link control(RLC) on logical channels. The MAC layer provides a function of mappingfrom a plurality of logical channels to a plurality of transportchannels. Further, the MAC layer provides a logical channel multiplexingfunction by mapping a plurality of logical channels to a singletransport channel. A MAC sublayer provides a data transmission serviceon the logical channels.

The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly forRLC serving data units (SDUs). In order to guarantee various quality ofservice (QoS) requirements of each radio bearer (RB), the RLC layerprovides three operation modes, transparent mode (TM), unacknowledgedmode (UM), and acknowledged Mode (AM). An AM RLC provides errorcorrection through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

The RRC layer is defined only in the control plane and controls logicalchannels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation toconfiguration, reconfiguration, and release of RBs. An RB refers to alogical path provided by L1 (the PHY layer) and L2 (the MAC layer, theRLC layer, and the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer), fordata transmission between the UE and the network.

The user-plane functions of the PDCP layer include user datatransmission, header compression, and ciphering. The control-planefunctions of the PDCP layer include control-plane data transmission andciphering/integrity protection.

RB establishment amounts to a process of defining radio protocol layersand channel features and configuring specific parameters and operationmethods in order to provide a specific service. RBs may be classifiedinto two types, signaling radio bearer (SRB) and data radio bearer(DRB). The SRB is used as a path in which an RRC message is transmittedon the control plane, whereas the DRB is used as a path in which userdata is transmitted on the user plane.

Once an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UEand the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is placed in RRC_CONNECTEDstate, and otherwise, the UE is placed in RRC_IDLE state. In NR,RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined. A UE in the RRC_INACTIVEstate may maintain a connection to a core network, while releasing aconnection from an eNB.

DL transport channels carrying data from the network to the UE include abroadcast channel (BCH) on which system information is transmitted and aDL shared channel (DL SCH) on which user traffic or a control message istransmitted. Traffic or a control message of a DL multicast or broadcastservice may be transmitted on the DL-SCH or a DL multicast channel (DLMCH). UL transport channels carrying data from the UE to the networkinclude a random access channel (RACH) on which an initial controlmessage is transmitted and an UL shared channel (UL SCH) on which usertraffic or a control message is transmitted.

The logical channels which are above and mapped to the transportchannels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging controlchannel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast controlchannel (MCCH), and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

A physical channel includes a plurality of OFDM symbol in the timedomain by a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. Onesubframe includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RBis a resource allocation unit defined by a plurality of OFDM symbols bya plurality of subcarriers. Further, each subframe may use specificsubcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) in acorresponding subframe for a physical DL control channel (PDCCH), thatis, an L1/L2 control channel. A transmission time interval (TTI) is aunit time for subframe transmission.

FIG. 4 illustrates the structure of an NR system according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 4 , a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN)may include a next generation Node B (gNB) and/or an eNB, which providesuser-plane and control-plane protocol termination to a UE. In FIG. 4 ,the NG-RAN is shown as including only gNBs, by way of example. A gNB andan eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and theeNB are connected to a 5G core network (5GC) via an NG interface. Morespecifically, the gNB and the eNB are connected to an access andmobility management function (AMF) via an NG-C interface and to a userplane function (UPF) via an NG-U interface.

FIG. 5 illustrates functional split between the NG-RAN and the 5GCaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a gNB may provide functions including inter-cellradio resource management (RRM), radio admission control, measurementconfiguration and provision, and dynamic resource allocation. The AMFmay provide functions such as non-access stratum (NAS) security andidle-state mobility processing. The UPF may provide functions includingmobility anchoring and protocol data unit (PDU) processing. A sessionmanagement function (SMF) may provide functions including UE Internetprotocol (IP) address allocation and PDU session control.

FIG. 6 illustrates a radio frame structure in NR, to which embodiment(s)of the present disclosure is applicable.

Referring to FIG. 6 , a radio frame may be used for UL transmission andDL transmission in NR. A radio frame is 10 ms in length, and may bedefined by two 5-ms half-frames. An HF may include five 1-ms subframes.A subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number ofslots in an SF may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing(SCS). Each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to acyclic prefix (CP).

In a normal CP (NCP) case, each slot may include 14 symbols, whereas inan extended CP (ECP) case, each slot may include 12 symbols. Herein, asymbol may be an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) or an SC-FDMA symbol(or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

Table 1 below lists the number of symbols per slot N^(slot) _(symb), thenumber of slots per frame N^(frame,u) _(slot), and the number of slotsper subframe N^(subframe,u) _(slot) according to an SCS configuration inthe NCP case.

TABLE 1 SCS (15*2u) N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame,u) _(slot) N^(subframe,u)_(slot)  15 KHz (u = 0) 14 10 1  30 KHz (u = 1) 14 20 2  60 KHz (u = 2)14 40 4 120 KHz (u = 3) 14 80 8 240 KHz (u = 4) 14 160  16 

Table 2 below lists the number of symbols per slot, the number of slotsper frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to an SCS inthe ECP case.

TABLE 2 SCS (15*2{circumflex over ( )}u) N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame,u)_(slot) N^(subframe,u) _(slot) 60 KHz (u = 2) 12 40 4

In the NR system, different OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCSs, CPlengths, and so on) may be configured for a plurality of cellsaggregated for one UE. Accordingly, the (absolute time) duration of atime resource including the same number of symbols (e.g., a subframe,slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as a time unit (TU) forconvenience) may be configured to be different for the aggregated cells.

In NR, various numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various5G services. For example, with an SCS of 15 kHz, a wide area intraditional cellular bands may be supported, while with an SCS of 30kHz/60 kHz, a dense urban area, a lower latency, and a wide carrierbandwidth may be supported. With an SCS of 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidthlarger than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

An NR frequency band may be defined by two types of frequency ranges,FR1 and FR2. The numerals in each frequency range may be changed. Forexample, the two types of frequency ranges may be given in Table 3. Inthe NR system, FR1 may be a “sub 6 GHz range” and FR2 may be an “above 6GHz range” called millimeter wave (mmW).

TABLE 3 Frequency Range Corresponding Subcarrier designation frequencyrange Spacing (SCS) FR1  450 MHz-6000 MHz   15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

As mentioned above, the numerals in a frequency range may be changed inthe NR system. For example, FR1 may range from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz aslisted in Table 4. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz(or 5850, 5900, and 5925 MHz) or above. For example, the frequency bandof 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, and 5925 MHz) or above may include anunlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes,for example, vehicle communication (e.g., autonomous driving).

TABLE 4 Frequency Range Corresponding Subcarrier designation frequencyrange Spacing (SCS) FR1  410 MHz-7125 MHz   15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure in an NR frame according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 7 , a slot includes a plurality of symbols in the timedomain. For example, one slot may include 14 symbols in an NCP case and12 symbols in an ECP case. Alternatively, one slot may include 7 symbolsin an NCP case and 6 symbols in an ECP case.

A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain.An RB may be defined by a plurality of (e.g., 12) consecutivesubcarriers in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) may bedefined by a plurality of consecutive (physical) RBs ((P)RBs) in thefrequency domain and correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length,or the like). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Datacommunication may be conducted in an activated BWP. Each element may bereferred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid, to which onecomplex symbol may be mapped.

A radio interface between UEs or a radio interface between a UE and anetwork may include L1, L2, and L3. In various embodiments of thepresent disclosure, L1 may refer to the PHY layer. For example, L2 mayrefer to at least one of the MAC layer, the RLC layer, the PDCH layer,or the SDAP layer. For example, L3 may refer to the RRC layer.

Now, a description will be given of sidelink (SL) communication.

FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a radio protocol architecture for SLcommunication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Specifically, FIG. 8A illustrates a user-plane protocol stack in LTE,and FIG. 8B illustrates a control-plane protocol stack in LTE.

FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a radio protocol architecture for SLcommunication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Specifically, FIG. 9A illustrates a user-plane protocol stack in NR, andFIG. 9B illustrates a control-plane protocol stack in NR.

Resource allocation in SL will be described below.

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate a procedure of performing V2X or SLcommunication according to a transmission mode in a UE according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of thepresent disclosure, a transmission mode may also be referred to as amode or a resource allocation mode. For the convenience of description,a transmission mode in LTE may be referred to as an LTE transmissionmode, and a transmission mode in NR may be referred to as an NR resourceallocation mode.

For example, FIG. 10A illustrates a UE operation related to LTEtransmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, forexample, FIG. 10A illustrates a UE operation related to NR resourceallocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 may be appliedto general SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 may be appliedto V2X communication.

For example, FIG. 10B illustrates a UE operation related to LTEtransmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, forexample, FIG. 10B illustrates a UE operation related to NR resourceallocation mode 2.

Referring to FIG. 10A, in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, a BS may schedule SL resources tobe used for SL transmission of a UE. For example, the BS may performresource scheduling for UE1 through a PDCCH (more specifically, DLcontrol information (DCI)), and UE1 may perform V2X or SL communicationwith UE2 according to the resource scheduling. For example, UE1 maytransmit sidelink control information (SCI) to UE2 on a PSCCH, and thentransmit data based on the SCI to UE2 on a PSSCH.

For example, in NR resource allocation mode 1, a UE may be provided withor allocated resources for one or more SL transmissions of one transportblock (TB) by a dynamic grant from the BS. For example, the BS mayprovide the UE with resources for transmission of a PSCCH and/or a PSSCHby the dynamic grant. For example, a transmitting UE may report an SLhybrid automatic repeat request (SL HARQ) feedback received from areceiving UE to the BS. In this case, PUCCH resources and a timing forreporting the SL HARQ feedback to the BS may be determined based on anindication in a PDCCH, by which the BS allocates resources for SLtransmission.

For example, the DCI may indicate a slot offset between the DCIreception and a first SL transmission scheduled by the DCI. For example,a minimum gap between the DCI that schedules the SL transmissionresources and the resources of the first scheduled SL transmission maynot be smaller than a processing time of the UE.

For example, in NR resource allocation mode 1, the UE may beperiodically provided with or allocated a resource set for a pluralityof SL transmissions through a configured grant from the BS. For example,the grant to be configured may include configured grant type 1 orconfigured grant type 2. For example, the UE may determine a TB to betransmitted in each occasion indicated by a given configured grant.

For example, the BS may allocate SL resources to the UE in the samecarrier or different carriers.

For example, an NR gNB may control LTE-based SL communication. Forexample, the NR gNB may transmit NR DCI to the UE to schedule LTE SLresources. In this case, for example, a new RNTI may be defined toscramble the NR DCI. For example, the UE may include an NR SL module andan LTE SL module.

For example, after the UE including the NR SL module and the LTE SLmodule receives NR SL DCI from the gNB, the NR SL module may convert theNR SL DCI into LTE DCI type 5A, and transmit LTE DCI type 5A to the LTESL module every Xms. For example, after the LTE SL module receives LTEDCI format 5A from the NR SL module, the LTE SL module may activateand/or release a first LTE subframe after Z ms. For example, X may bedynamically indicated by a field of the DCI. For example, a minimumvalue of X may be different according to a UE capability. For example,the UE may report a single value according to its UE capability. Forexample, X may be positive.

Referring to FIG. 10B, in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode4, or NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may determine SLtransmission resources from among SL resources preconfigured orconfigured by the BS/network. For example, the preconfigured orconfigured SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the UE mayautonomously select or schedule SL transmission resources. For example,the UE may select resources in a configured resource pool on its own andperform SL communication in the selected resources. For example, the UEmay select resources within a selection window on its own by a sensingand resource (re)selection procedure. For example, the sensing may beperformed on a subchannel basis. UE1, which has autonomously selectedresources in a resource pool, may transmit SCI to UE2 on a PSCCH andthen transmit data based on the SCI to UE2 on a PSSCH.

For example, a UE may help another UE with SL resource selection. Forexample, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may be configured witha grant configured for SL transmission. For example, in NR resourceallocation mode 2, the UE may schedule SL transmission for another UE.For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may reserve SLresources for blind retransmission.

For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, UE1 may indicate thepriority of SL transmission to UE2 by SCI. For example, UE2 may decodethe SCI and perform sensing and/or resource (re)selection based on thepriority. For example, the resource (re)selection procedure may includeidentifying candidate resources in a resource selection window by UE2and selecting resources for (re)transmission from among the identifiedcandidate resources by UE2. For example, the resource selection windowmay be a time interval during which the UE selects resources for SLtransmission. For example, after UE2 triggers resource (re)selection,the resource selection window may start at T1≥0, and may be limited bythe remaining packet delay budget of UE2. For example, when specificresources are indicated by the SCI received from UE1 by the second UEand an L1 SL reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement of thespecific resources exceeds an SL RSRP threshold in the step ofidentifying candidate resources in the resource selection window by UE2,UE2 may not determine the specific resources as candidate resources. Forexample, the SL RSRP threshold may be determined based on the priorityof SL transmission indicated by the SCI received from UE1 by UE2 and thepriority of SL transmission in the resources selected by UE2.

For example, the L1 SL RSRP may be measured based on an SL demodulationreference signal (DMRS). For example, one or more PSSCH DMRS patternsmay be configured or preconfigured in the time domain for each resourcepool. For example, PDSCH DMRS configuration type 1 and/or type 2 may beidentical or similar to a PSSCH DMRS pattern in the frequency domain.For example, an accurate DMRS pattern may be indicated by the SCI. Forexample, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the transmitting UE mayselect a specific DMRS pattern from among DMRS patterns configured orpreconfigured for the resource pool.

For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the transmitting UE mayperform initial transmission of a TB without reservation based on thesensing and resource (re)selection procedure. For example, thetransmitting UE may reserve SL resources for initial transmission of asecond TB using SCI associated with a first TB based on the sensing andresource (re)selection procedure.

For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may reserveresources for feedback-based PSSCH retransmission through signalingrelated to a previous transmission of the same TB. For example, themaximum number of SL resources reserved for one transmission, includinga current transmission, may be 2, 3 or 4. For example, the maximumnumber of SL resources may be the same regardless of whether HARQfeedback is enabled. For example, the maximum number of HARQ(re)transmissions for one TB may be limited by a configuration orpreconfiguration. For example, the maximum number of HARQ(re)transmissions may be up to 32. For example, if there is noconfiguration or preconfiguration, the maximum number of HARQ(re)transmissions may not be specified. For example, the configurationor preconfiguration may be for the transmitting UE. For example, in NRresource allocation mode 2, HARQ feedback for releasing resources whichare not used by the UE may be supported.

For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may indicate oneor more subchannels and/or slots used by the UE to another UE by SCI.For example, the UE may indicate one or more subchannels and/or slotsreserved for PSSCH (re)transmission by the UE to another UE by SCI. Forexample, a minimum allocation unit of SL resources may be a slot. Forexample, the size of a subchannel may be configured or preconfigured forthe UE.

SCI will be described below.

While control information transmitted from a BS to a UE on a PDCCH isreferred to as DCI, control information transmitted from one UE toanother UE on a PSCCH may be referred to as SCI. For example, the UE mayknow the starting symbol of the PSCCH and/or the number of symbols inthe PSCCH before decoding the PSCCH. For example, the SCI may include SLscheduling information. For example, the UE may transmit at least oneSCI to another UE to schedule the PSSCH. For example, one or more SCIformats may be defined.

For example, the transmitting UE may transmit the SCI to the receivingUE on the PSCCH. The receiving UE may decode one SCI to receive thePSSCH from the transmitting UE.

For example, the transmitting UE may transmit two consecutive SCIs(e.g., 2-stage SCI) on the PSCCH and/or PSSCH to the receiving UE. Thereceiving UE may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCI) toreceive the PSSCH from the transmitting UE. For example, when SCIconfiguration fields are divided into two groups in consideration of a(relatively) large SCI payload size, SCI including a first SCIconfiguration field group is referred to as first SCI. SCI including asecond SCI configuration field group may be referred to as second SCI.For example, the transmitting UE may transmit the first SCI to thereceiving UE on the PSCCH. For example, the transmitting UE may transmitthe second SCI to the receiving UE on the PSCCH and/or PSSCH. Forexample, the second SCI may be transmitted to the receiving UE on an(independent) PSCCH or on a PSSCH in which the second SCI is piggybackedto data. For example, the two consecutive SCIs may be applied todifferent transmissions (e.g., unicast, broadcast, or groupcast).

For example, the transmitting UE may transmit all or part of thefollowing information to the receiving UE by SCI. For example, thetransmitting UE may transmit all or part of the following information tothe receiving UE by first SCI and/or second SCI.

-   -   PSSCH-related and/or PSCCH-related resource allocation        information, for example, the positions/number of time/frequency        resources, resource reservation information (e.g. a        periodicity), and/or    -   an SL channel state information (CSI) report request indicator        or SL (L1) RSRP (and/or SL (L1) reference signal received        quality (RSRQ) and/or SL (L1) received signal strength indicator        (RSSI)) report request indicator, and/or    -   an SL CSI transmission indicator (on PSSCH) (or SL (L1) RSRP        (and/or SL (L1) RSRQ and/or SL (L1) RSSI) information        transmission indicator), and/or    -   MCS information, and/or    -   transmission power information, and/or    -   L1 destination ID information and/or L1 source ID information,        and/or    -   SL HARQ process ID information, and/or    -   new data indicator (NDI) information, and/or    -   redundancy version (RV) information, and/or    -   QoS information (related to transmission traffic/packet), for        example, priority information, and/or    -   an SL CSI-RS transmission indicator or information about the        number of SL CSI-RS antenna ports (to be transmitted);    -   location information about a transmitting UE or location (or        distance area) information about a target receiving UE        (requested to transmit an SL HARQ feedback), and/or    -   RS (e.g., DMRS or the like) information related to decoding        and/or channel estimation of data transmitted on a PSSCH, for        example, information related to a pattern of (time-frequency)        mapping resources of the DMRS, rank information, and antenna        port index information.

For example, the first SCI may include information related to channelsensing. For example, the receiving UE may decode the second SCI usingthe PSSCH DMRS. A polar code used for the PDCCH may be applied to thesecond SCI. For example, the payload size of the first SCI may be equalfor unicast, groupcast and broadcast in a resource pool. After decodingthe first SCI, the receiving UE does not need to perform blind decodingon the second SCI. For example, the first SCI may include schedulinginformation about the second SCI.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, since the transmittingUE may transmit at least one of the SCI, the first SCI, or the secondSCI to the receiving UE on the PSCCH, the PSCCH may be replaced with atleast one of the SCI, the first SCI, or the second SC. Additionally oralternatively, for example, the SCI may be replaced with at least one ofthe PSCCH, the first SCI, or the second SCI. Additionally oralternatively, for example, since the transmitting UE may transmit thesecond SCI to the receiving UE on the PSSCH, the PSSCH may be replacedwith the second SCI.

The PUSCH/PDSCH sequence in the NR system may be initialized as followsaccording to Equations 1 and 2 below. (TS 38.211)c _(init) =n _(RNTI)·2¹⁵ +n _(ID)  [Equation 1]c _(init) =n _(RNTI)·2¹⁵ +q·2¹⁴ +n _(ID)  [Equation 2]

In the above equations, n_(ID) may be a higher-layer parameter limitedto a UE-specific search space scheduled for unicast with DCI, and inthis case, may have a value of {0,1, . . . ,1023}. In other cases,n_(ID) may be given by {0,1, . . . ,1007} as a Cell ID. In aconventional LTE system, n_(ID) in the case of Uu may be fixed to {0,1,. . . 503} as a Cell ID value, and in SL, n_(ID) may be fixed to aninitial value that is 510 to distinguish from Uu.

If a method used in a PD(U)CCH and a PD(U)SCH of a conventional NR Uu isused without change when scrambling sequences of the PSCCH and the PSSCHare generated to effectively transmit a resource in NR SL, there is aproblem in that it is difficult to distinguish between NR SL and NR UuUEs. Accordingly, hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosureproposes a method of generating a scrambling sequence in NR SL and anapparatus for supporting the method.

According to an embodiment, a 1^(st) sidelink control information (SCI)may be transmitted on a PSCCH and 2^(nd) stage SCI may be transmitted ona PSSCH. Here, a first scrambling sequence related to the 1^(st) stageSCI may be generated based on a fixed value, and a second scramblingsequence related to the 2^(nd) stage SCI may be generated based on acyclic redundancy check (CRC) related value. The CRC related value maybe derived from CRC on the PSCCH. The fixed value may be related toinitialization of the first scrambling sequence, and the CRC of thePSCCH may be related to initialization of the second scramblingsequence.

That is, the 1^(st) SCI may be determined using an initial value of ascrambling sequence, and although the 2^(nd) SCI is control information,the 2^(nd) SCI may be determined using the CRC of the scramblingsequence differently from the 1^(st) SCI. Since the 1^(st) SCI needs tobe received by all UEs, a fixed value may be used, but since the 2^(nd)SCI is for a specific UE, CRC needs to be used, and thus differentscrambling sequences may be used according to a type of SCI. That is,the initial value of the scrambling sequence may be determined inconsideration of the characteristics/target of UEs that receivedifferent types of SCI, and thus randomization of the 2^(nd) SCI may beeffectively performed.

Based on an initialization method in an LTE system and an initializationmethod in an NR Uu, the following may be considered duringinitialization in NR SL.

Since n_(ID) ranges from 0 to 1023 in NR Uu, it may not be possible todistinguish a scrambling sequence between NR Uu and NR SL by fixingn_(ID) to 510, which is a specific value in LTE SL, in NR SL. Thus,n_(ID) in NR SL needs to be a value equal to or greater than 1024 (210)greater than 1023 that is currently used in NR Uu. In Equation 1, avalue equal to or less than 215-1 needs to be used. That is, some valuesof {1024, . . . 32767} may be (pre)configured or predefined to n_(ID) inNR SL. In this case, UEs may assume that an n_(ID) value used in NR SLis not used in NR Uu. In another example, like in LTE SL, a specificvalue (e.g., 1030) may be fixed to an initial value in NR SL. In anotherexample, in NR Uu, a specific value (some values of {1008, . . . ,1023})of n_(ID) may be used for SL. In this case, UEs may assume that n_(ID)used in NR SL is not used in NR Uu. In another example, an ID (15 bits)used in NR Uu may be divided and used in NR sidelink, and a value exceptfor the corresponding ID may be used in NR sidelink. For example, {0, .. . ,16383} that is half of IDs of {0, . . . , 32767} may be used in NRUu, and {16383, . . . 32767} that is the other half may be used in NRsidelink. Alternatively, X % of IDs of {0, . . . , 32767} may be used inNR Uu, and (100-X) % thereof may be used in NR sidelink. In anotherexample, {0, . . . , 32767} may be used in NR Uu, and {32767, . . .,65536+2{circumflex over ( )}(the sum of bits used in destination groupID and destination ID)} may be used in NR sidelink.

When sensing operating is considered in the case of a PSCCH, all UEsneed to perform decoding, and thus an n_(ID) value may be fixed for eachUE or may be (pre)configured for each resource pool.

In the case of a PSSCH, all UEs may not need to perform decoding, andonly a UE based on the corresponding ID (e.g. a destination ID) mayperform decoding. In Equations 1 and 2, an n_(RNTI) value may be

-   -   1) Destination ID,    -   2) concatenation of Source ID and Destination ID,    -   3) CRC value of corresponding SCI, or the like.

In this case, in the case of CRC, truncation may be required, and when asingle ID is used, zero padding may be required. Alternatively,considering that a PSSCH resource is implicitly linked to the PSCCH, ann_(ID) value used in the PSCCH may be inherited. Alternatively, when ann_(ID) value is configured using a source ID, it may be assumed that ann_(ID) value used in NR SL is not used in NR Uu to distinguish betweenNR Uu and NR SL as described above.

Like in the above case, an initialization method needs to also beconsidered when a CSI-RS sequence is generated in NR SL. Currently, inan NR system, a CSI-RS sequence may be initialized using Equation 3below. (TS 38.211)c _(init)=(2¹⁰(N _(symb) ^(slot) n _(s,f) ^(μ) +l+1)(2n _(ID)+1)+n_(ID))mod 2³¹  [Equation 3]

In the above equation, n_(ID) may be a higher layer signaled value(scramblingID or sequenceGenerationConfig) and may have a value of {0,1, . . . , 1023}. First, 1) n_(ID) may be configured based on a sourceID and may be considered as the following combination. 2) n_(ID) may beconfigured using a Source ID and a destination ID LSB. Alternatively, 3)A rate of bits of the source ID and the destination LSB may be adjustedwhile the sum of bits of the source ID and the destination ID LSB ismaintained constant. Hereinafter, embodiments of the above 1), 2), and3) will be described.

Source ID 8 Bits

Source ID 8 Bits+Destination ID LSB 2 Bits

Source ID LSB X Bits+Destination ID LSB Y Bits. (X+Y=10 Bits)

When an NR SL CSI-RS sequence is generated, randomization with an NR SLCSI-RS and randomization between NR SL UEs may be required. Thus, whenthe NR SL CSI-RS sequence is generated, an n_(ID) value may be(pre)configured or predefined. For example, a value greater than 1023may be (pre)configured or predefined as an n_(ID) value forrandomization with NR Uu. In consideration of sequence randomizationbetween CSI-RS transmissions of NR SL UEs, CRC values of a PSCCH relatedto different PSSCH transmissions that partially or completely overlap inthe same resource may be used to derive an n_(ID) value. That is, inorder to derive the n_(ID) value,

-   -   1) Destination ID,    -   2) concatenation of Source ID and Destination ID,    -   3) CRC value of corresponding SCI, or the like

may be used. In this case, in the case of CRC, truncation may berequired, and when a single ID is used, zero padding may be required.

For example, (the aforementioned) method for sequence generation mayalso be applied in the same or similar way in order to generate asequence of a PT-RS. That is, for example, for sequence generationand/or randomization, (during sequence generation, some) parameters maybe (pre)configured or predefined. CRC values of a PSCCH related todifferent PSSCH transmissions that partially or completely overlap inthe same resource may be used for sequence randomization. That is, forPT-RS sequence generation and/or randomization,

-   -   1) Destination ID,    -   2) concatenation of Source ID and Destination ID,    -   3) CRC value of corresponding SCI, or the like

may be used. In this case, in the case of CRC, truncation may berequired, and when a single ID is used, zero padding may be required.

In this case, among conditions (used to derive the aforementionedn_(RNTI) and n_(ID) values),

-   -   1) Destination ID    -   2) concatenation of Source ID and Destination ID, and    -   3) CRC value of corresponding SCI

may be interpreted extensively by the use of only destination IDinformation or source ID information for generation and/or randomizationof a sequence (e.g., a PSCCH/PSSCH DMRS, PSCCH/PSSCH scrambling, aCSI-RS, and/or a PT-RS), the use of a combination of the source ID andthe destination ID, and/or the use of some bits of CRC (e.g., some bitsof LSB (e.g., 2 bits) or some bits of LSB except for bits used forrandomization of other sequences (e.g., a PSCCH/PSSCH DMRS, PSCCH/PSSCHscrambling, a CSI-RS, and/or a PT-RS).

As an example of (the aforementioned) PSCCH/PSSCH scrambling sequencegeneration, c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁵+n_(ID) may be used for initializationwhen the corresponding sequence is generated.

In the case of a PSCCH in the above equation, (since all UEs need toperform decoding) an n_(RNTI) value may be fixed to one value (e.g., 0).Alternatively, the n_(RNTI) value may be (pre)configured. Alternatively,the n_(RNTI) value may be configured based on a PSCCH OCC index value.For example, some bits (e.g., 2, 3, or 4 bits) may be configured basedon the PSCCH OCC index, and the other bits may be (pre)configured. Inanother example, one value may be selected among 16-bit n_(RNTI) valuecandidates that are (pre)configured based on the PSCCH OCC index. In thecase of n_(ID), one value of {1008, . . . , 32767} (or {1024, . . . ,32767}) may be differently (or independently) configured specifically toa resource pool (a service type/priority, a (service) QoS parameter(e.g., reliability or latency), MCS, a UE (absolute or relative) speed,a sub-channel size, and/or a scheduled frequency resource domain size)(by a network/BS).

In the case of a PSSCH in the above equation, in order to derive ann_(RNTI) value, only destination ID information or source ID informationmay be used, a combination of the source ID and the destination ID maybe used, some bits of PSCCH CRC (e.g., 16 bit LSB) may be used, aconcatenation (e.g., 1st SCI CRC 8 bit LSB+2^(nd) SCI CRC 8 bit LSB)value of some bits of PSCCH (1^(st) SCI) CRC and 2^(nd) SCI CRC may beused, and/or an XOR value of some bits of 1^(st) SCI CRC and 2^(nd) SCICRC may be used. Alternatively, the n_(RNTI) value may be(pre)configured. Alternatively, the n_(RNTI) value may be configuredbased on a PSCCH OCC index value. For example, based on the PSCCH OCCindex, some bit (e.g., 2, 3, or 4 bits) values may be configured, andthe other bits may be (pre)configured. In another example, one value maybe selected among 16 bit n_(RNTI) value candidates that are(pre)configured based on the PSCCH OCC index. In the case of n_(ID), onevalue of {1008, . . . , 32767} (or {1024, . . . , 32767}) may bedifferently (or independently) configured specifically to a resourcepool (a service type/priority, a (service) QoS parameter (e.g.,reliability or latency), MCS, a UE (absolute or relative) speed, asub-channel size, and/or a scheduled frequency resource domain size) (bya network/BS).

In the case of 2^(nd) SCI in the above equation, in order to derive ann_(RNTI) value, some bits of PSCCH (1^(st) SCI) CRC (e.g., 16 bit LSB)may be used. Alternatively, the n_(RNTI) value may be (pre)configured.Alternatively, the n_(RNTI) value may be configured based on a PSCCH OCCindex value. For example, one value may be selected among 16 bitn_(RNTI) value candidates that are (pre)configured based on the PSCCHOCC index.

In the above description, an n_(RNTI) value linked by the PSSCH and/or aPSCCH OCC index applied to 2^(nd) SCI may be differently configured fromthe n_(RNTI) value linked by the PSCCH OCC index applied to the PSCCH.

In the above description, in the case of a PSCCH, a PSSCH, and/or 2^(nd)SCI, configuration of derivation of the n_(RNTI) based on the PSCCH OCCindex may be interpreted extensively by a method of replacing n_(RNTI)with a PSCCH OCC index (e.g., 2, 3, or 4 bits) (e.g., a form in whichthe number of n_(RNTI) bits is reduced) or a method of filling theremaining bits with a predefined/fixed specific value (e.g., 0) otherthan the bit derived from the PSCCH OCC index (e.g., 2, 3, or 4 bits)(i.e., a method in which the remaining bits are not (pre-)configured).

In the present disclosure, as an example of PSCCH scrambling sequencegeneration, c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁶+n_(ID) may be used for initializationwhen the corresponding sequence is generated.

When the PSSCH scrambling sequence is configured, an n_(ID) value may bederived using, for example, some bits (e.g., 16 bit LSB) of PSCCH CRCand/or an n_(RNTI) value may be fixed (or preconfigured) to one value(e.g., 0). In another example, the n_(ID) value may be the same as then_(ID) value configured when the PSCCH scrambling sequence is generated.

According to the present disclosure, the PSSCH may be extensivelyinterpreted by 2^(nd) SCI or SL-SCH.

As an example of (the aforementioned) PSCCH DMRS sequence generation,c_(init)=(2¹⁷(N_(symb) ^(slot)n_(s,f)^(μ)+l+1)(2N_(ID)+1)+2N_(ID)+n_(SCID)) mod 2³¹ may be used forinitialization when the corresponding sequence is generated.

One value of {0, 1} may be selected as n_(SCID) in the above equation bya TX UE. In the case of N_(ID), one value of {1008, . . . , 65535} maybe differently (or independently) configured specifically to a resourcepool (a service type/priority, a (service) QoS parameter (e.g.,reliability or latency), MCS, a UE (absolute or relative) speed, asub-channel size, and/or a scheduled frequency resource domain size) (bya network/BS). In the above example, n_(SCID) is assumed to use 1 bit,but more bits (e.g., 2 bits or more) may be used. In this case, a rangeof a value to be selected as an N_(ID) value may also be changeddepending on a bit number used in n_(SCID). (For example, when n_(SCID)uses 2 bits, one value of {0, 1, 2, 3} may be selected as n_(SCID) by aTX UE, and in the case of N_(ID), one value of {1008, . . . , 32767} maybe differently (or independently) configured specifically to a resourcepool (a service type/priority, a (service) QoS parameter (e.g.,reliability or latency), MCS, a UE (absolute or relative) speed, asub-channel size, and/or a scheduled frequency resource domain size) (bya network/BS.) In this case, a c_(init) value needs to be also changeddepending on a value (or a value range) to be selected as n_(SCID) orN_(ID). For example, in the case of (the aforementioned) n_(SCID)∈{0,1,2, 3}, N_(ID)∈{1008, . . . , 32767}, c_(init)=(2¹⁷(N_(symb)^(slot)n_(s,f) ^(μ)+l+1)(2N_(ID)+1)+2²N_(ID)+n_(SCID)) mod 2³¹ may besatisfied.

As an example of (the aforementioned) PSSCH DMRS sequence generation,c_(init)=(2¹⁷(N_(symb) ^(slot)n_(s,f) ^(μ)+l+1)(2N_(ID) ^(n) ^(SCID)+1)+2N_(ID) ^(n) ^(SCID) +n_(SCID)) mod 2³¹ may be used forinitialization when the corresponding sequence is generated.

In order to derive one value of {0, 1}, n_(SCID) in the above equationmay use some bits (e.g., 1 bit LSB) of PSCCH CRC may be used. In orderto derive one value of {1008, . . . , 65535}, N_(ID) ⁰ and N_(ID) ¹ mayuse some bits (e.g., 14 bit LSB (after 1 bit LSB used in n_(SCID)) ofPSCCH CRC. In the above example, n_(SCID) is assumed to use 1 bit, butmore bits (e.g., 2 bits or more) may be used. In this case, a range of avalue to be selected as an N_(ID) ^(n) ^(SCID) value may also be changeddepending on a bit number used in n_(SCID). (For example, when n_(SCID)uses 2 bits, n_(SCID) may use some bits (e.g., 2 bit LSB) of PSCCH CRCin order to derive one value of {0, 1, 2, 3}. N_(ID) ⁰ and N_(ID) ¹ mayuse some bits (e.g., after 2 bit LSB used in n_(SCID)) of PSCCH CRC inorder to derive one value of {1008, . . . , 32767}. In this case, ac_(init) value needs to be also changed depending on a value (or a valuerange) to be selected as n_(SCID) or N_(ID) ^(n) ^(SCID) .

The (aforementioned) term (PSCCH) CRC used during PSSCH scramblingand/or PSSCH DMRS (base) sequence generation and/or used duringSL-CSI-RS (base) sequence and/or PT-RS (base) sequence generation may beinterpreted extensively by 2^(nd) SCI CRC (a combination of 1st SCI CRC,L1-destination ID, L1-source ID, 1^(st) SCI CRC, 2^(nd) SCI CRC,L1-destination ID, and/or L1-source ID).

1.1.1. Bandwidth Part

To avoid RF switching delay, it is assumed that the numerology ofconfigured SL BWP is the same as that of active UL BWP in the samecarrier at a given time. Next, it can be further considered that RFretuning is not needed to switch between active UL BWP and configured SLBWP. In other words, it can be considered that UE's RF setting coversboth active UL BWP and configured SL BWP. In this case even though SLBWP and active UL BWP have different center frequency of BWP and BWPsize, UE may not apply the switching delay.

Meanwhile, in NR Uu link, for the uplink, the higher-layer parametertxDirectCurrentLocation indicates the location of the transmitter DCsubcarrier in the uplink for a bandwidth part, including whether the DCsubcarrier location is offset by 7.5 kHz relative to the center of theindicated subcarrier or not. Considering that UE's RF setting coversboth active UL BWP and configured SL BWP, the DC subcarrier location forthe sidelink needs to be the same as that of the uplink. On the otherhand, for out-of-coverage UE or idle UE, the DC subcarrier location forthe sidelink could be (pre)configured per SL BWP.

To avoid RF switching delay, the UE expects the same location of DCsubcarrier between UL BWP and SL BWP in a given time. In this case, SLBWP and UL BWP have different (or same) RF bandwidth, and SL BWP and ULBWP may be set at different locations within the different (or same) RFbandwidth. On the other hand, when the RF bandwidth and the location ofDC subcarrier of UL BWP is determined, it can be considered UE expectsthat the configured SL BWP is deactivated if the location of DCsubcarrier of SL BWP has different location with the configured locationof DC subcarrier of UL BWP.

Proposal 1: TX DC Subcarrier in the Sidelink is (Pre)Configured Per SLBWP

Proposal 3: UE expects to use a same DC subcarrier location in the SLBWP and in an active UL BWP in a same carrier of a same cell.

If the DC subcarrier location of the active UL BWP is different than theDC subcarrier location of the SL BWP, the SL BWP is deactivated.

Regarding active DL BWP, for paired spectrum, it can be taken intoaccount that separate RF chains between active DL BWP and configured SLBWP as in LTE V2X. On the other hand, for unpaired spectrum, it can beassumed that UE's RF setting covers both active DL BWP and configured SLBWP together with active UL BWP. Note that, in NR Uu link, for unpairedspectrum, UE expects that the center frequency of active DL BWP isaligned with that of active UL BWP and the same numerology is used forthe active DL BWP and the active UL BWP.

1.1.2. Resource Pool

In RAN1 #98 bis meeting [1] and RAN1 #99 meeting [2], followings areagreed for resource pool in time domain:

Agreements:

A slot is the time-domain granularity for resource pool configuration.

-   -   To down-select:        -   Alt 1. Slots for a resource pool is (pre-)configured with            bitmap, which is applied with periodicity        -   Alt 2. Slots for a resource pool is (pre-)configured,            wherein the slots are applied with periodicity.    -   FFS: signaling details    -   FFS: how to apply the above bitmap signaling, For example, to        all slots or only to a set of slots    -   FFS: symbols for sidelink in the slot, how to indicate for the        case when not all symbols are for SL

Agreements:

For Rel-16, (Normal CP)

-   -   Support 7, 8, 9, . . . , 14 symbols in a slot without SL-SSB for        SL operation        -   Target reusing Uu DM-RS patterns for each of the            symbol-length, with modifications as necessary        -   No other additional spec impact is expected for supporting            7, 8, . . . , 13        -   # of DM-RS symbols            -   2, 3, 4        -   For a dedicated carrier, only 14-symbol is mandatory

There is a single (pre-)configured length of SL symbols in a slotwithout SL-SSB per SL BWP.

There is a single (pre-)configured starting symbol for SL in a slotwithout SL-SSB per SL BWP

Agreements:

NR supports SL transmissions at least in cell-specific UL resources inUu.

When a UE is in-coverage, cell-specific UL resources will be indicatedby higher layer parameter TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon. For out-of-coverageUE, PSBCH transmitted by another UE will indicate information aboutreference sidelink resources which can be potentially used for NRsidelink transmission. Due to the signaling overhead of PSBCH, a singlepattern indicating the number of UL slots will be included in PSBCHcontents while TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon could have two patterns indicatingthe number of UL slots and the number of UL symbols. In other words, ULresources indicated by PSBCH could be different fromTDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon as shown in FIG. 11A. When the TX UE and RX UEhave the different understanding on the cell-specific UL resources orreference SL resources, resource reservation or PSFCH transmissiontiming would not work properly. In this case, even for the in-coverageUE, it would be necessary that higher layer indicate reference SLresources whose value is the same as reference SL resources indicated bythe PBSCH.

Next, Depending on the TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon, all the symbols in a slotcould be cell-specific UL resources, or a subset of symbols in a slowcould be cell-specific UL resources. Meanwhile, a UE can be provided anumber of symbols in a slot, by lengthSLsymbols, starting from symbolwith index of statSLsymbols for NR sidelink. In this case, for all theslots indicated by the reference SL resource configuration,lengthSLsymbols symbols from startSLsymbols of a slot are cell-specificUL resources.

Proposal 4: A UE is Configured with Reference SL Resources Via HigherLayer Signaling.

-   -   Reference SL resource configuration consists of following        parameters:        -   P: Periodicity of SL reference slot pattern        -   N_refSL: Number of consecutive SL reference slots with a            period            -   UE assumes that the last N_refSL slots with the period                are reference SL resource.

Considering resource usage flexibility, it can be considered to usebitmap is applied to the reference SL resources to indicate SL resourcepool in time domain. To reduce signaling overhead, the bitmap with asmall size compared to the total number of slots for the reference SLresources could be applied periodically. Next, it needs to consider thatit will not be supported to multiplex S-SSB with other SL channels in aslot since S-SSB will occupy all the symbols in a slot. In addition,since the symbol duration of S-SSB could be different from other SLchannels, FDM between S-SSB and other SL channels can cause additionalAGC period or TX power change in a slot. In those points of views, slotsavailable for S-SSB would not be included in the SL resource pool intime domain. In our view, as in LTE V2X, slots for S-SSB can be excludedfrom the reference SL resources before applying bitmap with a certainperiod. However, in this case, it is necessary to determine how tohandle the case where the total number of slots of the reference SLresources excluding S-SSB slots within a system frame is not multiplesof the bitmap size. If the LTE principle is reused, the concept ofreserved slot can be used to resolve this issue. To be specific, amongslots of the reference SL resources excluding S-SSB slots, there can bea number of slots that the bitmap cannot be applied and these slots areevenly distributed over the reference SL resources excluding S-SSBslots. The bitmap will be applied to the remaining slots of thereference SL resources to indicate SL resource pool in time domain.

Proposal 5: The set of slots for SL resource pool in time domain isgiven by following steps:

-   -   Step 1: The set of slots is given by reference SL resource        configuration.    -   Step 2: Slots configured for S-SSB are excluded from the set in        Step 1.    -   Step 3: Reserved slots to be excluded form the remaining set in        Step 2 is determined by the following steps:        -   Step 3-1: Slots in the set in Step 2 are denoted by (l₀, l₁,            . . . , l_(N) _(refsL) _(-N) _(S-SSB) ₋₁) arranged in            increasing order of slot index where N_(refSL) is the number            of slots indicated by the reference SL resources within a            radio frame and N_(S-SSB) is the number of slots in which            S-SSB is configured within a radio frame.        -   Step 3-2: a slot l_(r) belongs to the reserved slot if

$r = \left\lfloor \frac{m\left( {N_{refSL} - N_{S - {SSB}}} \right)}{N_{reserved}} \right\rfloor$where m=0, 1, . . . N_(reserved)−1 andN_(reserved)=(N_(refsL)−N_(S-SSB)) mod L_(bitmap). L_(bitmap) is thelength of the bitmap is configured by higher layers.

Step 4: The UE determines the set of slots assigned to a SL resourcepool as follows:

-   -   A bitmap (b₀, b₁, . . . , b_(L) _(bitmap) ) associated with the        resource pool is used.    -   A slot t_(k) ^(SL) in the remaining set in Step 3 belongs to the        SL resource pool if b_(k)=1 wherein k′=k mod L_(bitmap).

Alternatively, the bitmap can be applied to slots indicated by thereference SL resources, and then S-SSB slots is excluded from the set ofslots indicated by the bitmap to determine the set of slots for the SLresource pool.

Regarding the SL resource pool configuration for frequency domainresource, it is necessary to clarify how to interpret higher layerparameter startRB-Subchannel. To be specific, the reference point of thestarting RB index for SL resource pool in frequency domain need to bedefined explicitly. Considering that the SL resource pool shall beconfined within a configured SL BWP, it seems straightforward that thestarting RB index is with respect to the lowest RB of the SL BWP.

Proposal 6: Higher Layer Parameter startRB-Subchannel is Defined as theLowest RB Index of the Sub-Channel with the Lowest Index in the ResourcePool with Respect to the Lowest RB Index of the SL BWP.

According to TS38.101, there is case where the number of PRBs with achannel bandwidth is 11, 18, or 24. For instance, for SCS of 30 kHz,when the channel bandwidth is 5 MHz, the number of PRB will be 11. Inthose cases, at this moment, considering the minimum sub-channel size is10 PRB, there is only one sub-channels within a resource pool andremaining PRBs would be wasted. Alternatively, it can be considered thatsome portion of sub-channels in a resource pool could have larger sizethan the configured sub-channel size to utilize resource efficientlywithout orphan resources. For instance, for channel bandwidth of 24 PRB,the first sub-channel size could be 14 while remaining sub-channel hasthe size of 10 PRB.

Proposal 7: Support the Case where the Number of PRBs for a ResourcePool is not Multiple of Configured Sub-Channel Size.

-   -   The size of the lowest sub-channel in a resource pool is        determined by (total number of PRBs for a resource pool        configured sub-channel size*(number of sub-channels in a        resource pool−1)).    -   The size of remaining sub-channels is the configured sub-channel        size.

1.1.3. TBS Determination

In NR Uu link, since the symbol duration of PDSCH/PUSCH can bedynamically changed, it is supported that formula-based TB sizedetermination. In this case, one of the design principles is ensuring toenable the same TBS between initial transmission and re-transmissionwith the same-different number of PRBs or the same/different number ofsymbols in some cases. In this case UE can derive TBS even though the UEsuccessfully decode only DCI scheduling retransmission. Regarding theformula for TBS determination, the intermediate information bit size isderived by the coding rate and modulation order given by MCS, the numberof layer, the reference number of REs per RB for data mapping, and thenumber of PRBs. When the number of REs per RB is counted, the symbolduration of PDSCH or PUSCH, and DMRS overhead are considered. Inaddition, remaining overhead is treated by a single RRC configuredparameter. In other words, even though PDSCH resource can be partiallyoverlapped with other channels such as PDCCH, SSB, CSI-RS, or PT-RS,these overheads are not directly considered since these channels wouldnot always overlapped with PDSCH. Similarly, resources for UCI mappingon PUSCH does not considered for TBS determination for PUSCH.

On the other hand, considering PSCCH/PSSCH multiplexing Option 3, PSSCHresource will be always overlapped with PSCCH resources. In addition,PSSCH resource may include AGC symbol and TX-RX switching symbol. Inthis case, if these overheads are not considered for TBS determinationfor NR sidelink, the derived TBS would be overestimated. Alternatively,it can be considered that TX UE intentionally decrease MCS value.However, in this case, higher MCS would not be used frequently.

Moreover, the symbol duration of PSSCH can be changed, but it will notbe controlled by SCI. To be specific, depending on PSFCH resourceperiod, some slots will contains PSFCH resources, and other slots willnot contains PSFCH resources. In a licensed carrier, when UL and SL canbe TDMed in a slot, the symbol duration of PSSCH can be changeddepending on the number of symbols available for NR sidelink in a slot.Since initial transmission and retransmission could have differentsymbol duration of PSSCH, it would be necessary to define referencenumber of RE which is independent on the actual symbol duration of PSSCHto ensure to enable the same TBS between initial transmission andretransmission. For instance, the symbol duration of PSSCH transmissionin a non-PSFCH slot could be used for TBS determination. In a similarmanner, since the PSSCH DMRS pattern would be dynamically changedaccording to the SCI indication, it would be necessary to definereference overhead for the PSSCH DMRS. For instance, the number of REsfor PSSCH DMRS per PRB would be determined based on the lowest DMRSdensity among the (pre)configured DMRS pattern. It would be beneficialto express peak data rate.

Next, the actual 2^(nd)-stage SCI overhead is derived by the sum of codeblock size which is given by TB size. In other words, if the2^(nd)-stage SCI overhead is used to derive TBS, it causes chicken-eggproblem. In other words, for TBS determination, the 2^(nd)-stage SCIoverhead will not be considered.

The upper bound of the number of REs per PRB could be determined byexcluding TX-RX switching period, 2 symbol-PSSCH DMRS overhead, and AGCsymbol overhead. In this case, the upper bound of the reference numberof REs for TBS determination would be 132.

Observation 1: In NR Sidelink Resource, AGC Symbol and TX-RX SwitchingSymbol Needs to be Excluded for TBS Determination.

Proposal 9: For TBS Determination, Following Procedure is Performed

-   -   The UE shall first determine the number of REs within the slot        -   A UE first determines the number of REs allocated for PSSCH            within a PRB by N′_RE=N_SC*N_symb−N_DMRS,            -   N_SC=12 is the number of subcarriers in a PRB.            -   N_symb is the number of symbols of the PSSCH resource                allocation within the slot assuming that PSFCH is not                configured in this slot                -   AGC symbol and TX-RX switching period are not                    included in the PSSCH resource allocation within the                    slot            -   N_DMRS is the number of REs for DM-RS per PRB in the                PSSCH resource allocation assuming that PSFCH is not                configured in this slot, which is corresponding to the                lowest DMRS density among the (pre)configured DM-RS                candidate pattern(s)                N_RE=N′_RE*n_PRB−N_PSCCH,    -   N_PSCCH is the number of REs for the corresponding PSCCH.    -   Intermediate number of information bits (N_info) is obtaining by        N_info-N_RE*R*Q_m*v.        -   R is the coding rate given by MCS field.        -   Q_m is the modulation order by MCS field        -   v is the number of layers.

1.1.4. SCI Design

The size variation of 2nd-stage can have impact on UE complexity. To bespecific, when the size of 2nd-stage is varying in slot-by-slot, UEneeds to be ready to have multiple Polar decoder with different sizes.In NR Uu link, considered UE complexity, the number of DCI format sizefor a UE is limited in semi-static manner. The total number of differentDCI format size is currently 4, and the total number of different DCIformat scrambled with C-RNTI is 3. This kind of restriction is calledDCI format size budget. In a similar manner, when the possible sizes of2nd-stage is too large, it may not be feasible for UE implementation.Instead, it would be needed to perform size fitting for 2nd-stageconsidering UE complexity. In other words, a number of different2nd-stage candidates could have the same payload size with differentcontents.

Observation 2: It can be Considered to Restrict the Number of the Sizeof 2nd-Stage Considering UE Complexity.

SCI fields for broadcast, unicast, and groupcast without the TX-RXdistance based HARQ-ACK feedback operation would be the same except forthe one or two SCI fields, therefore, it can be considered that a single2nd-stage SCI format can be used to schedule broadcast, unicast, orgroupcast without the TX-RX distance based HARQ-ACK feedback operation.In this case, another 2nd-stage SCI format conveying Zone ID field andCommunication range requirement field will be used to schedule groupcastwith HARQ feedback Option 1 with the TX-RX distance-based HARQ-ACKfeedback operation.

Regarding HARQ feedback Option indicator field, in our view, groupcastwith HARQ feedback Option 1 could be used without TX-RX distance-basedHARQ-ACK feedback operation. To be specific, a resource pool would nothave sufficiently large number of PSFCH resources to support groupcastwith HARQ feedback Option 2 to have acceptable PSFCH collisionprobability. Meanwhile, a UE can be provided by application such asplatooning. Another example is that a PSCCH/PSSCH TX UE may not decideits own location for TX-RX distance-based HARQ-ACK feedback operation.In those cases, it is necessary to support that groupcast with HARQfeedback Option 1 is scheduled by a SCI format without Zone ID field andCommunication range requirement field. In addition, in RAN1 #98 bis, itis agreed that “SCI explicitly indicates whether HARQ feedback is usedor not for the corresponding PSSCH transmission” as working assumption.In this case, the SCI format also needs to indicate how the PSCCH/PSSCHRX UE transmit SL HARQ feedback of the PSSCH transmission. In our view,it can be considered to support joint indication of whether or how theRX UE transmit SL HARQ feedback for SCI overhead saving.

Proposal 11: Support Joint Indication of SL HARQ Feedback EnablingDisabling and Groupcast HARQ Feedback Option in the 2^(nd)_Stage SCI

Proposal 12: Support Following 2^(nd)-Stage SCI Formats in Rel-16 NRSidelink:

-   -   SCI format 0_2: (this format is used for all the cast type and        groupcast HARQ_feedback Options)        -   HARQ Process ID        -   New data indicator        -   Redundancy version        -   Source ID        -   Destination ID        -   HARQ feedback indicator            -   00: No HARQ feedback request            -   01: HARQ feedback for groupcast Option 2 (ACK/NACK                feedback)            -   10: HARQ feedback for groupcast Option 1 (NACK-only                feedback)            -   11: reserved        -   CSI request    -   SCI format 0_3: (this format is used for groupcast with HARQ        feedback Option 1 only)        -   HARQ Process ID        -   New data indicator        -   Redundancy version        -   Source ID        -   Destination ID        -   Zone ID        -   Communication range requirement

In this case, PSSCH for broadcast will be scheduled by the SCI format0_2 with HARQ feedback indicator=00 and CSI request=0. For groupcastwith HARQ feedback Option 1, PSSCH will be scheduled by the SCI format0_2 with HARQ feedback indicator=00 or 10 and CSI request=0 or the SCIformat 0_3.

UE procedure for transmitting Sidelink Control Information needs to bedescribed in the specification as in LTE V2X. For instance, UE shall setthe MCS as indicated by higher layers. A TB can consists of multiplelogical channel with different priority. In this case the L1-priorityfield in SIC will be set based on the highest priority among thosepriorities. All the logical channels associated with the same TB willhave the same cast type, destination ID, and source ID. In this case, UEbehavior according to the cast type, L1-destination ID, and L1-sourceID, would be set as indicated by higher layers corresponding to thetransport block. On the TX-RX distance-based HARQ feedback operation, TXUE's location will be transformed into Zone ID in higher layers, andhigher layer will give the higher MCR to physical layer for a TB asagreed in RAN2 #108.

In addition, as in agreement made in email discussion [3], UE shallrandomly select one of frequency-domain OCC for PSCCH DMRS.

Proposal 14: Capture “the UE Shall Randomly Select the OCC Index n_OCCin Each PSCCH Transmission” in TS 38.213 According to the FollowingAgreement.

Agreements:

-   -   NR PDCCH DMRS sequence is the baseline for PSCCH DMRS sequence        at least with the following modification.        -   n_ID is determined by a (pre-)configured value per resource            pool        -   Frequency-domain OCC is applied, one of the [2 or 3 or 4]            OCCs is randomly selected by the Tx UE.

Note: there is no (pre-)configuration on the number of OCCs.

PSCCH Design

V2X, OCC length with length 4 is used for the PSCCH DMRS. However, sincecandidate number of PRBs for PSCCH is {10, 12, 15, 20, 25}, the OCC canbe applied across different PRBs, if the numbers of PRBs for PSCCH is 10or 15 or 25. For example, when numbers of PRBs for PSCCH is 10, Theorthogonal cover code is applied to every four REs for PSSCH DMRS in asymbol from the lowest subcarrier index. OCC length with length 4 cannotbe used for the PSCCH DMRS in a symbol from the lowest subcarrier index.OCC length with length 4 cannot be used for the PSCCH DMRS. Thus, thecandidate number of {10, 15, 25} for the number of PRBs for PSCCH isreplace with {8, 16, 24}.

Proposal 16: Support Frequency-Domain OCC with Length 4 for PSCCH DMRSSequence.

-   -   Orthogonal cover code with length 4 is defined in FIG. 11B.    -   The orthogonal cover code is applied to every four REs for PSCCH        DMRS in a symbol from the lowest subcarrier index.    -   Candidate number of {10, 15, 25} for the number of PRBs for        PSCCH is replaced with {8, 16, 24}.

Regarding PSCCH DMRS sequence generation, according to agreement made inemail discussion [3], n_ID is determined by a (pre-)configured value perresource.

Proposal 17: Capture “n_ID is determined by a (pre-)configured value perresource pool.” in TS 38.211 for random seed of PSCCH DMRS sequencegeneration according to the following agreement.

Agreements:

NR PDCCH DMRS sequence is the baseline for PSCCH DMRS sequence at leastwith the following modification.

n_ID is determined by a (pre-)configured value per resource pool

Frequency-domain OCC is applied, one of the [2 or 3 or 4] OCCs israndomly selected by the Tx UE.

Note: there is no (pre-)configuration on the number of OCCs.

In a similar manner, PSCCH scrambling sequence can be designedconsidering the sequence randomization between NR Uu link and NRsidelink, and all the UEs can decide SCI conveyed on PSCCH at least forsensing operation. In addition, it can be considered that n_RNTI isreplace with PSCCH DMRS OCC index for the scrambling sequence for PSCCH.

Proposal 18: PSCCH Scrambling Sequence Generation is Initialized withc _(init) =n _(RNTI)2¹⁶ +n _(ID)

-   -   n_(ID)∈{0, 1, . . . , 65535} is (pre)configured per resource        pool.    -   n_(RNTI)=0

Regarding precoding for PSSCH, according to agreement made in emaildiscussion [4], for Rel-16 NR sidelink, only wideband precoding isassumed for PSSCH transmission and it is noted that this implies thatPRG size equal to scheduled PSSCH BW is assumed in Rel-16, In a similarmanner, only wideband precoding is assumed for PSCCH to take advantageof PSCCH coverage.

Proposal 20: Precoder Granularity of PSCCH is the Same as the Number ofPRBs for the PSCCH.

According to the UE procedure related to PSSCH, there are two aspects:one is the UE procedure for transmitting PSSCH, and the other is the UEprocedure for receiving PSSCH. On the other hand, in the latest versionof the NR specification, it seems that the UE procedure for receivingPSCCH is missing.

1.1.5. PSSCH and PSSCH DMRS Design

In NR structure, two DMRS types are supported for PDSCH/PUSCH DMRS. DMRStype 1 targets to cover up roughly 1000 ns delay spread (which causefrequency selectivity). Meanwhile, DMRS type 2 targets to supportMU-MIMO and more antenna ports (12 APs). However, in NR V2X structure,the number of antenna ports will be limited (e.g. up to 2), and MU-MIMOis not a main target. Thus, for a carrier with a given numerology, thereis no clear motivation/benefit to support multiple DM-RS patterns infrequency domain for PSSCH. Meanwhile, considering that PSCCH resourcewill be confined within PSSCH resource, for PSSCH DMRS pattern intime-domain design, it is necessary to make a decision on the form ofPSCCH especially on symbol duration in advance.

Proposal 23: For NR PSSCH DMRS Pattern in Frequency Domain, Support BothDMRS Type 1 and DMRS Type 2, and One of them is (Pre)Configured PerResource Pool.

In Rel-16 NR sidelink, 7, 8, 9, . . . , 14 symbols in a slot withoutSL_SSB for SL operation is supported with normal CP and only 14-symbolis mandatory for a dedicated carrier. In addition, the position(s) ofthe PSSCH DMRS symbols is given by the duration of the scheduledresources for transmission of PSSCH (i.e., 1_d=6, 7, 8, 9, . . . , 13symbols (including AGC symbol)) and the associated PSCCH (i.e., 2 or 3symbols).

In a similar manner, in case of ECP, a clarification is required forPSSCH DMRS pattern in time domain, supported SL symbol duration in aslot, and the supported duration of the PSCCH. Since PSCCH symbolduration is related to the PSCCH coverage, PSCCH symbol duration doesnot need to vary with ECP or is limited to 2 symbols. In addition, 6, 7,8, . . . , 12 symbols in a slot without SL-SSB for SL operation issupported with ECP and only 12-symbol is mandatory for a dedicatedcarrier. Thus, in Rel-16 NR sidelink with ECP, no additional PSSCH DMRSpattern is introduced, and less than 12 of 1_d is used for PSSCH DMRSpattern. In addition, for value of 1_d shorter than 6, 2-DMRS symbolspattern is not supported in NR Uulink. In a similar manner, in case ofECP, for value of 1_d shorter than 6, 2-DRMS symbols pattern is notsupported in NR sidelink.

Proposal 24: In Rel-16 NR Sidelink with ECP,

-   -   Support 6, 7, 8, 9, . . . , 12 symbols in a slot without SL-SSB        for SL operation    -   For a dedicated carrier, inly 12-symbol is mandatory    -   No additional PSSCH DMRS pattern is introduced

According to the agreement, DMRS pattern could be dynamically indicatedby SCI. The motivation of the dynamic DMRS pattern is mainly to changeDMRS density of PSSCH. In this point of view, it can be considered thatdmrs-Additional Position or the target DMRS density is indicated by SCI.Considering signaling overhead, candidates of dmrs-Additional Positionto be indicated by SCI can be (pre)configured. In this case, the exactDMRS pattern will be given by dmrs-Additional Position and symbolduration of PSSCH. On the other hand, since the symbol duration of thePSSCH is different in the PSFCH slot and the non-PSFCH slot, the DMRSpattern is also different for the PSFCH slot and non-PSFCH slot.Therefore, a parameter indicating a distinction between the PSFCH slotand the non-PSFCH slot is required, and it can be indicated in differentDMRS pattern candidates between PSFCH slot and non-PSFCH slot. Forexample, the number of DMRS symbols in the PSFCH slot is indicated as 3or 4, and the number of DMRS symbols in the non-PSFCH slot is indicatedas 2 or 3. In this case, different DMRS patterns are indicated for thePSFCH slot and the non-PSFCH slot. PSFCH slot.

Proposal 25: For NR PSSCH DMRS Pattern in Time Domain, Candidates of theNumber of PSSCH DM-RS are (Pre)Configured for PSFCH Slot and Non-PSFCHSlot Separately, and a SCI Indicates One of the (Pre)ConfiguredCandidates.

For scrambling sequence design for PSSCH, PUSCH scrambling sequence canbe a baseline with consideration of how to handle the case wheremultiple PSSCH transmissions are fully or partially overlapped intime-and-frequency resources. Furthermore, according to the agreement,scrambling operation for the 2^(nd)-stage SCI is applied separately withSL-SCH. The scrambling sequence for the 2^(nd)-stage SCI needs to beindependent on the parameters given by the 2^(nd)-stage SCI while thescrambling sequence for SL-SCH could use the parameters given by the2^(nd)-stage SCI. For instance, L1-source ID and/or L1-destination ID.In such case, the scrambling sequence for SL-SCH may need to use PSCCHCRC again. In case of PSFCH or PSCCH DMRS sequence generation, multipleseed values for initialization are not needed for considering UEcomplexity. In a similar manner, for 2^(nd)-stage SCI and SL-SCHscrambling sequence generation, supporting multiple seed values forinitialization in the same channel may increase UE complexity.

Proposal 26: 2^(nd)-Stage SCI and SL-SCH Scrambling Sequence Generationis Initialized withc _(init) =n _(RNTI) ²15+n _(ID)

-   -   n_(ID)∈{0, 1, . . . , 1023} is (pre)configured per resource        pool.    -   n_(RNTI) is derived by        -   16-bit LSB of PSCCH CRC for the 2^(nd)-stage SCI and SL-SCH.

Regarding MCS table used for PSSCH transmission, at this moment, atleast one MCS table is (pre)-configured, and 256QAM MCS table andlow-spectral efficiency 64QAM MCS table would be optional. Meanwhile,pairs of modulation order and coding rate for MCS index 0˜19 in 256QAMMCS table are already supported by normal 64QAM MCS table with differentMCS index. Similarly, pairs of modulation order and coding rate for MCSindex 6˜28 in low-spectral efficiency 64QAM MCS table are alreadysupported by normal 64QAM MCS table with different MCS index. In theperspective of UE complexity, even though 256QAM MCS table orlow-spectral efficiency 64QAM MCS table is (pre)configured beforeexchange relevant UE capability, TX UE can transmit PSSCH, and the RX UEcan demodulate and decode PSSCH by using the (pre)configured MCS tablewhen the MCS index is selected among the entries supported in normal64QAM MCS table. In this case, only drawback would low flexibility onthe MCS selection. Alternatively, it can be considered that the MCStable can be overwritten by PC5 RRC. However, in this case, during thePC5 RRC (re)configuration period, TX UE and RX UE may have differentunderstanding on the MCS table selection, and it will cause PSSCHdetection performance degradation. To avoid this ambiguity issue, it canbe considered that SCI indicates MCS table actually used for PSSCHtransmission.

Proposal 28: If More than on MCS Tables Configuration Introduced, SCIIndicates MCS Table Actually Used for PSSCH Transmission.

1.1.6. PSFCH Format for SFCI

In RAN1 #99 meeting [2], it is agreed that, “The number of cyclic shiftpairs used for a PSFCH transmission (denoted by Y) that can bemultiplexed in a PRB is (pre-)configured per resource pool among {1, 2,3, 4, 6}”. Remaining issues is the exact values of cyclic shifts use fora PSFCH transmission. In our view, for a given number of cyclic shiftpairs for a PSFCH transmission, it would be beneficial to maximize thedistance between different cyclic shifts considering target delay spreadvalue.

Proposal 29: Support Cyclic Shift Values for a Given Number of CyclicShift Pairs Used for a PSFCH Transmission that can be Multiplexed in aPRB

-   -   When the number of m 0 values is 1,        -   {0, 6}    -   When the number of m 0 values is 2,        -   {0, 6}, {3, 9}    -   When the number of m 0 values is 3,        -   {0, 6}, {2, 8}, {4, 10}    -   When the number of m 0 values is 4,        -   {0, 6}, {2, 8}, {4, 10}, {5, 11}    -   When the number of m 0 values is 6,        -   {0, 6}, {1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {5, 11}

1.1.7. Sidelink CSI-RS Design

It is necessary to ensure that the sidelink CSI-RS is not overlappedwith REs used for PSSCH DMRS. In a shared carrier, the symbol durationof PSSCH could be changed slot-by-slot, then the PSSCH DMRS pattern intime domain would be also changed. For some cases, it would be possiblethat the last symbol index of PSSCH is used for PSSCH DMRS. As describedin 2.1.6, the symbol duration of PSSCH would be different for the PSFCHslot and non-PSFCH slot. On the other hand, the sidelink CSI-RS is notFDMed/CDMed with PSSCH DMRS. In those points of views, sidelink CSI-RSsymbol position is a slot is configured by PC5-RRC signaling for PSFCHslot and for non-PSFCH slot separately.

Proposal 30: Sidelink CSI-RS Symbol Position in a Slot is Configured byPC5-RRC Signaling for PSFCH Slot and for Non-PSFCH Slot Separately.

1.1.8. Sidelink PT-RS Design

Regarding physical sequence generation for sidelink PT-RS, in NR Uulink, the sequence of the PUSCH DMRS is copied according to PT-RS REoffset. In a similar, if the PSSCH DMRS is not FDMed with 1st SCI (andsidelink PT-RS is overlapped with 1^(st) SCI in time domain or not), thesequence of the first DMRS position at that subcarrier is used togenerate the PT-RS sequence as shown in FIG. 12A. However, if the PSSCHDMRS is FDMed with 1^(st) SCI and sidelink PT-RS is overlapped with 1stSCI in time domain as shown in FIG. 12B, the sequence of the first DMRSposition at the subcarrier is unavailable. In this case, since the lastDMRS position of the PSSCH DMRS symbols (given by the duration of thescheduled resources for transmission of PSSCH and the associated PSCCH)at the subcarrier is not always FDMed with 1^(st) SCI as shown in FIG.12C, PT-RS sequence mapped on subcarrier k is the same as PSSCH DMRSsequence mapped on subcarrier k in the last PSSCH DMRS symbol positionwithin a PSSCH symbol duration

Proposal 31: For Sidelink PT-RS, PT-RS Sequence Mapped on Subcarrier kis the Same as PSSCH DMRS Sequence Mapped on Subcarrier k in the LastPSSCH DMRS Symbol Position within a PSSCH Symbol Duration

Examples of Communication Systems Applicable to the Present Disclosure

The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods,and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure described inthis document may be applied to, without being limited to, a variety offields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) betweendevices.

Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with referenceto the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the samereference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks,software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise.

FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the presentdisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 13 , a communication system 1 applied to the presentdisclosure includes wireless devices, BSs, and a network. Herein, thewireless devices represent devices performing communication using RAT(e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5Gdevices. The wireless devices may include, without being limited to, arobot 100 a, vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an extended reality (XR)device 100 c, a hand-held device 100 d, a home appliance 100 e, anInternet of things (IoT) device 100 f, and an artificial intelligence(AI) device/server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehiclehaving a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle,and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles.Herein, the vehicles may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g.,a drone). The XR device may include an augmented reality (AR)/virtualreality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in theform of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted ina vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, ahome appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. Thehand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device(e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., anotebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and awashing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter.For example, the BSs and the network may be implemented as wirelessdevices and a specific wireless device 200 a may operate as a BS/networknode with respect to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices100 a to 100 f and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connectedto the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may beconfigured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g.,NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f maycommunicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, thewireless devices 100 a to 100 f may perform direct communication (e.g.,sidelink communication) with each other without passing through theBSs/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 may performdirect communication (e.g. V2V/V2X communication). The IoT device (e.g.,a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g.,sensors) or other wireless devices 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b, or 150 c may beestablished between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f/BS 200, or BS200/BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections may beestablished through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as UL/DLcommunication 150 a, sidelink communication 150 b (or, D2Dcommunication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay, integrated accessbackhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devicesmay transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through thewireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b. For example, thewireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b may transmit/receivesignals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a partof various configuration information configuring processes, varioussignal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding,modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resourceallocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may beperformed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

Examples of Wireless Devices Applicable to the Present Disclosure

FIG. 14 illustrates wireless devices applicable to the presentdisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 14 , a first wireless device 100 and a second wirelessdevice 200 may transmit radio signals through a variety of RATs (e.g.,LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the secondwireless device 200} may correspond to {the wireless device 100 x andthe BS 200} and/or {the wireless device 100 x and the wireless device100 x} of FIG. 13 .

The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 andone or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or moretransceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102may control the memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may beconfigured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process informationwithin the memory(s) 104 to generate first information/signals and thentransmit radio signals including the first information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signalsincluding second information/signals through the transceiver 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the secondinformation/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may beconnected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of informationrelated to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, thememory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performinga part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108.Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and/or areceiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with RadioFrequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless devicemay represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one ormore transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s)202 may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and maybe configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process informationwithin the memory(s) 204 to generate third information/signals and thentransmit radio signals including the third information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signalsincluding fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the fourthinformation/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may beconnected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of informationrelated to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, thememory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performinga part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208.Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and/or areceiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RFunit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent acommunication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 willbe described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may beimplemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implementone or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP,RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate oneor more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data unit(SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, controlinformation, data, or information according to the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 maygenerate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs,messages, control information, data, or information according to thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide thegenerated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The oneor more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., basebandsignals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire thePDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or informationaccording to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to ascontrollers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or moreapplication specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digitalsignal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices(DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or morefield programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one ormore processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmwareor software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, orfunctions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as tobe driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or softwarein the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals,messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands.The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-onlymemories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives,registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/orcombinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may belocated at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected tothe one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies suchas wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methodsand/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more otherdevices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data,control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or moreother devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 maybe connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit andreceive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one ormore other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may performcontrol so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receiveuser data, control information, or radio signals from one or more otherdevices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected tothe one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one ormore antennas 108 and 208. In this document, the one or more antennasmay be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logicalantennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206may convert received radio signals/channels etc. from RF band signalsinto baseband signals in order to process received user data, controlinformation, radio signals/channels, etc. using the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 mayconvert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc.processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the baseband signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or moretransceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/orfilters.

Examples of a Vehicle or an Autonomous Driving Vehicle Applicable to thePresent Disclosure

FIG. 15 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle appliedto the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle maybe implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmannedaerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

Referring to FIG. 15 , a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 mayinclude an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit120, a driving unit 140 a, a power supply unit 140 b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140 d. The antenna unit 108 may beconfigured as a part of the communication unit 110.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from external devices such as othervehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The controlunit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of thevehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100. The control unit 120 mayinclude an ECU. The driving unit 140 a may cause the vehicle or theautonomous driving vehicle 100 to drive on a road. The driving unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a brake, asteering device, etc. The power supply unit 140 b may supply power tothe vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 and include awired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140 cmay acquire a vehicle state, ambient environment information, userinformation, etc. The sensor unit 140 c may include an inertialmeasurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, aspeed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, aposition module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, afuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, ahumidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedalposition sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may implementtechnology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving,technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruisecontrol, technology for autonomously driving along a determined path,technology for driving by automatically setting a path if a destinationis set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, trafficinformation data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous drivingunit 140 d may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving planfrom the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the drivingunit 140 a such that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan(e.g., speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving,the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically acquire recenttraffic information data from the external server and acquiresurrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In themiddle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehiclestate and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous drivingunit 140 d may update the autonomous driving path and the driving planbased on the newly obtained data/information. The communication unit 110may transfer information about a vehicle position, the autonomousdriving path, and/or the driving plan to the external server. Theexternal server may predict traffic information data using AItechnology, etc., based on the information collected from vehicles orautonomous driving vehicles and provide the predicted trafficinformation data to the vehicles or the autonomous driving vehicles.

Examples of a Vehicle and AR/VR Applicable to the Present Disclosure

FIG. 16 illustrates a vehicle applied to the present disclosure. Thevehicle may be implemented as a transport means, an aerial vehicle, aship, etc.

Referring to FIG. 16 , a vehicle 100 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an I/O unit 140 a, and apositioning unit 140 b.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehiclesor BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations bycontrolling constituent elements of the vehicle 100. The memory unit 130may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands for supporting variousfunctions of the vehicle 100. The I/O unit 140 a may output an AR/VRobject based on information within the memory unit 130. The I/O unit 140a may include an HUD. The positioning unit 140 b may acquire informationabout the position of the vehicle 100. The position information mayinclude information about an absolute position of the vehicle 100,information about the position of the vehicle 100 within a travelinglane, acceleration information, and information about the position ofthe vehicle 100 from a neighboring vehicle. The positioning unit 140 bmay include a GPS and various sensors.

As an example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 may receivemap information and traffic information from an external server andstore the received information in the memory unit 130. The positioningunit 140 b may obtain the vehicle position information through the GPSand various sensors and store the obtained information in the memoryunit 130. The control unit 120 may generate a virtual object based onthe map information, traffic information, and vehicle positioninformation and the I/O unit 140 a may display the generated virtualobject in a window in the vehicle (1410 and 1420). The control unit 120may determine whether the vehicle 100 normally drives within a travelinglane, based on the vehicle position information. If the vehicle 100abnormally exits from the traveling lane, the control unit 120 maydisplay a warning on the window in the vehicle through the I/O unit 140a. In addition, the control unit 120 may broadcast a warning messageregarding driving abnormity to neighboring vehicles through thecommunication unit 110. According to situation, the control unit 120 maytransmit the vehicle position information and the information aboutdriving/vehicle abnormality to related organizations.

Examples of an XR Device Applicable to the Present Disclosure

FIG. 17 illustrates an XR device applied to the present disclosure. TheXR device may be implemented by an HMD, an HUD mounted in a vehicle, atelevision, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a homeappliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.

Referring to FIG. 17 , an XR device 100 a may include a communicationunit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an I/O unit 140 a, asensor unit 140 b, and a power supply unit 140 c.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., mediadata and control signals) to and from external devices such as otherwireless devices, hand-held devices, or media servers. The media datamay include video, images, and sound. The control unit 120 may performvarious operations by controlling constituent elements of the XR device100 a. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured to controland/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image)encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 130may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the XRdevice 100 a/generate XR object. The I/O unit 140 a may obtain controlinformation and data from the exterior and output the generated XRobject. The I/O unit 140 a may include a camera, a microphone, a userinput unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. Thesensor unit 140 b may obtain an XR device state, surrounding environmentinformation, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140 b may include aproximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, amagnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IRsensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a lightsensor, a microphone and/or a radar. The power supply unit 140 c maysupply power to the XR device 100 a and include a wired/wirelesscharging circuit, a battery, etc.

For example, the memory unit 130 of the XR device 100 a may includeinformation (e.g., data) needed to generate the XR object (e.g., anAR/VR/MR object). The I/O unit 140 a may receive a command formanipulating the XR device 100 a from a user and the control unit 120may drive the XR device 100 a according to a driving command of a user.For example, when a user desires to watch a film or news through the XRdevice 100 a, the control unit 120 transmits content request informationto another device (e.g., a hand-held device 100 b) or a media serverthrough the communication unit 130. The communication unit 130 maydownload/stream content such as films or news from another device (e.g.,the hand-held device 100 b) or the media server to the memory unit 130.The control unit 120 may control and/or perform procedures such asvideo/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadatageneration/processing with respect to the content and generate/outputthe XR object based on information about a surrounding space or a realobject obtained through the I/O unit 140 a/sensor unit 140 b.

The XR device 100 a may be wirelessly connected to the hand-held device100 b through the communication unit 110 and the operation of the XRdevice 100 a may be controlled by the hand-held device 100 b. Forexample, the hand-held device 100 b may operate as a controller of theXR device 100 a. To this end, the XR device 100 a may obtain informationabout a 3D position of the hand-held device 100 b and generate andoutput an XR object corresponding to the hand-held device 100 b.

Examples of a Robot Applicable to the Present Disclosure

FIG. 18 illustrates a robot applied to the present disclosure. The robotmay be categorized into an industrial robot, a medical robot, ahousehold robot, a military robot, etc., according to a used purpose orfield.

Referring to FIG. 18 , a robot 100 may include a communication unit 110,a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an I/O unit 140 a, a sensor unit140 b, and a driving unit 140 c. Herein, the blocks 110 to 130/140 a to140 c correspond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 14 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g.,driving information and control signals) to and from external devicessuch as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. Thecontrol unit 120 may perform various operations by controllingconstituent elements of the robot 100. The memory unit 130 may storedata/parameters/programs/code/commands for supporting various functionsof the robot 100. The I/O unit 140 a may obtain information from theexterior of the robot 100 and output information to the exterior of therobot 100. The I/O unit 140 a may include a camera, a microphone, a userinput unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. Thesensor unit 140 b may obtain internal information of the robot 100,surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensorunit 140 b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, anacceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertialsensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonicsensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc. The driving unit 140c may perform various physical operations such as movement of robotjoints. In addition, the driving unit 140 c may cause the robot 100 totravel on the road or to fly. The driving unit 140 c may include anactuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, etc.

Example of AI Device to which the Present Disclosure is Applied

FIG. 19 illustrates an AI device applied to the present disclosure. TheAI device may be implemented by a fixed device or a mobile device, suchas a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a notebook, a digitalbroadcast terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a Set Top Box (STB),a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a digital signage, a robot,a vehicle, etc.

Referring to FIG. 19 , an AI device 100 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an I/O unit 140 a/140 b, alearning processor unit 140 c, and a sensor unit 140 d. The blocks 110to 130/140 a to 140 d correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 14 ,respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive wired/radio signals(e.g., sensor information, user input, learning models, or controlsignals) to and from external devices such as other AI devices (e.g.,100 x, 200, or 400 of FIG. 13 ) or an AI server (e.g., 400 of FIG. 13 )using wired/wireless communication technology. To this end, thecommunication unit 110 may transmit information within the memory unit130 to an external device and transmit a signal received from theexternal device to the memory unit 130.

The control unit 120 may determine at least one feasible operation ofthe AI device 100, based on information which is determined or generatedusing a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. Thecontrol unit 120 may perform an operation determined by controllingconstituent elements of the AI device 100. For example, the control unit120 may request, search, receive, or use data of the learning processorunit 140 c or the memory unit 130 and control the constituent elementsof the AI device 100 to perform a predicted operation or an operationdetermined to be preferred among at least one feasible operation. Thecontrol unit 120 may collect history information including the operationcontents of the AI device 100 and operation feedback by a user and storethe collected information in the memory unit 130 or the learningprocessor unit 140 c or transmit the collected information to anexternal device such as an AI server (400 of FIG. 13 ). The collectedhistory information may be used to update a learning model.

The memory unit 130 may store data for supporting various functions ofthe AI device 100. For example, the memory unit 130 may store dataobtained from the input unit 140 a, data obtained from the communicationunit 110, output data of the learning processor unit 140 c, and dataobtained from the sensor unit 140. The memory unit 130 may store controlinformation and/or software code needed to operate/drive the controlunit 120.

The input unit 140 a may acquire various types of data from the exteriorof the AI device 100. For example, the input unit 140 a may acquirelearning data for model learning, and input data to which the learningmodel is to be applied. The input unit 140 a may include a camera, amicrophone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 140 b may generateoutput related to a visual, auditory, or tactile sense. The output unit140 b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. Thesensing unit 140 may obtain at least one of internal information of theAI device 100, surrounding environment information of the AI device 100,and user information, using various sensors. The sensor unit 140 mayinclude a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an accelerationsensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGBsensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonicsensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar.

The learning processor unit 140 c may learn a model consisting ofartificial neural networks, using learning data. The learning processorunit 140 c may perform AI processing together with the learningprocessor unit of the AI server (400 of FIG. 13 ). The learningprocessor unit 140 c may process information received from an externaldevice through the communication unit 110 and/or information stored inthe memory unit 130. In addition, an output value of the learningprocessor unit 140 c may be transmitted to the external device throughthe communication unit 110 and may be stored in the memory unit 130.

The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure are applicableto various mobile communication systems.

What is claimed is:
 1. An operation method of a user equipment (UE) in awireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting, bythe UE, a 1st stage sidelink control information (SCI) on a PhysicalSidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), and transmitting, by the UE, a 2ndstage SCI on a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), wherein a firstscrambling sequence of the 1st stage SCI is initialized based on apredetermined value, and wherein a second scrambling sequence of the 2ndstage SCI is initialized based on a value related to a cyclic redundancycheck (CRC) on the PSCCH.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the UEcommunicates with at least one of another UE, a UE related to autonomousdriving vehicle, a BS, or a network.
 3. A user equipment (UE) configuredto operate in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: atleast one processor; and at least one computer memory operativelyconnected to the at least one processor and configured to storeinstructions that when executed causes the at least one processor toperform operations, the operations comprising: transmitting, by the UE,a 1st stage sidelink control information (SCI) on a Physical SidelinkControl Channel (PSCCH), and transmitting, by the UE, a 2nd stage SCI ona Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), wherein a first scramblingsequence of the 1st stage SCI is initialized based on a predeterminedvalue, and wherein a second scrambling sequence of the 2nd stage SCI isinitialized based on a value related to a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)on the PSCCH.
 4. A processing device configured to operate in a wirelesscommunication system, the processing device comprising: at least oneprocessor; and at least one memory operatively connected to the at leastone processor and storing at least one instructions that, when executedby the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor toperform operations comprising: transmitting a 1st stage sidelink controlinformation (SCI) on a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), andtransmitting a 2nd stage SCI on a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel(PSSCH), wherein a first scrambling sequence of the 1st stage SCI isinitialized based on a predetermined value, and wherein a secondscrambling sequence of the 2nd stage SCI is initialized based on a valuerelated to a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) on the PSCCH.
 5. Anon-transitory computer readable storage medium storing at least onecomputer program that includes instructions that, when executed by atleast one processor, causes the at least one processor to performoperations for a user equipment (UE), the operations comprising:transmitting, by the UE, a 1st stage sidelink control information (SCI)on a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), and transmitting, by theUE, a 2nd stage SCI on a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH),wherein a first scrambling sequence of the 1st stage SCI is initializedbased on a predetermined value, and wherein a second scrambling sequenceof the 2nd stage SCI is initialized based on a value related to a cyclicredundancy check (CRC) on the PSCCH.